Cash Flows

The movement of money into and out of a business, tracked through operating, investing, and financing activities. Cash flows represent the actual timing and amount of cash transactions, providing crucial insights into a company's liquidity, operational efficiency, and financial health. This measurement differs from accrual-based profit by focusing on actual cash movements rather than accounting recognition.

Consider a software company that reports $10 million in revenue but collects only $8 million in cash during the period due to customer payment terms. Meanwhile, they pay $6 million in operating expenses and invest $2 million in new equipment. These cash flows provide a clearer picture of the company's actual liquidity position than accrual-based earnings, helping management make informed decisions about funding needs and growth plans.

Understanding cash flows requires analyzing the timing and reliability of cash receipts and payments, working capital management, and capital investment needs. Whether evaluating investment opportunities, planning financing needs, or assessing business health, cash flow analysis is fundamental.